Tuesday 31 January 2017

general study

01. भारत के पहले उप-प्रधानमंत्रीकौन रहे हैं?
उत्तर– सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल
02. सबसे लम्बी अवधि तक एक ही विभाग का कार्यभार संभालने वाले केन्द्रीय मंत्री कौन थे?
उत्तर– राजकुमारी अमृत कौर
03. निम्न में से कौन जनता द्वारा प्रत्यक्ष रूप से निर्वाचित सदन है?
उत्तर– लोकसभा
04. मूल संविधान में राज्यों को कितने प्रवर्गों में रखा गया?
उत्तर– 4
05. लोकसभा की सदस्यता के लिए उम्मीदवार को कितने वर्ष से कम नहीं होना चाहिए?
उत्तर– 25 वर्ष
06. भारतीय संविधान किस दिन से पूर्णत: लागू हुआ?
उत्तर– 26 जनवरी, 1950
07. पहली बार राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की घोषणा कब की गई?
उत्तर– 26 अक्टूबर, 1962
08. मंत्रिपरिषद का अध्यक्ष कौन होता है?
उत्तर– प्रधानमंत्री
09. भारत के नागरिकों को कितने प्रकार की नागरिकता प्राप्त है?
उत्तर– एक
10. भारतीय स्वाधीनता अधिनियम को किस दिन ब्रिटिश सम्राट की स्वीकृति मिली?
उत्तर– 21 जुलाई

Monday 30 January 2017

Error Spotting Rules with Examples

Banking & Ssc

Error Spotting Rules with Examples

Published on 1feb, 2017

Hi readers,
Here given basic rules which are useful for spotting errors.

==>> Must read -vidyasagarbanking.blogspot.in

Spotting the errors are interrelated with the grammatical formation which further relates to the parts of speech. Usually, the error may be pertaining to the usage of parts of speech, which can be broadly described under the following points.

Essential Points

1. Articles Comprising the usages of A, An and The
2. Noun Kinds of Noun, Gender, Number, Person, Noun case etc.
3. Pronoun Cases, kinds of Pronoun, different forms and its appropriate rules likewise, Some, Who, What, Which, That, Whose, Any, Whom, Each, Other, One other etc.
4. Adjective Kinds of Adjective and its patterns, various usage like positive, Comparative, Superlative degrees etc.
5. Adverb Kinds of Adverb and its appropriate usages, comprising certain forms.
6. Tenses Grammatical rules of entire tenses (Present, Past, Future, Translation) and its appropriate application.
7. Preposition Various usages of Preposition In, On, Over, Into, Out, Behind, Among, Over, Off, At, Of, Across, Under etc.
8. Conjunction Its various usages basically, Neither ….. nor, Either …… or, Because, Not only ……. but also, Scarcely, Barely, Hardly, When, Although, But, And, No sooner ……. than, such ……. as, So …… that etc.
9. Subject-verb Agreement It is one of the crucial parts, which a candidate should keep focus upon and they should learn the correct grammatical co-ordination of subject and verb.

How to solve questions relating to Spotting Errors?

In the examination of Bank PO, the question paper of English usually, contains questions relating to Spotting Errors. Sentences are usually divided into four parts marked A, B,C, and D. ‘E’ refers to ‘No error’. The candidates are required to find out the part which has an error. The error may be relating to the usage of; Article, Preposition, Tense, Verb, Noun, Pronoun, Adverb, Adjective, Conjunction, Subject-verb agreement etc. Sometimes the error may also be that of English expressions or superfluous use of some words.

You should have a good command over rules of grammar and their applicability. Learn the rules well and then try to attempt these questions. The more you practice the more confidence you get. Just cramming the rules will not solve your problem. Do solve the exercises, again and again, you will surely find improvement in your scoring.

Rules and Correct Use of Articles

Use of ‘A’/’An’

Article A or An is used before a singular noun. The choice between A or An is determined by the first sound of pronunciation (not by the letter of alphabet even it may be A, E, I, O, U) of the noun. If it is pronounced with a vowel sound, use An otherwise A.

Look at the following sentences
a) He is an honest man.
b) He is a European.
c) He is an MLA.
d) He is an SDO.

The following words and the use of ‘A’ or ‘An’ before them. Students generally make mistake using A or An before these words.
1. An hour
2. An hourly morning
3. An hour’s daybreak
4. An honor
5. An honorary post
6. An honorable person
7. An honest man
8. An heir
9. An honorarium
10. A house
11. A historical fair
12. A humble person
13. A husband
14. A heinous crime
15. A young man
16. A ewe
17. A university
18. A unity
19. A union
20. A eulogy
21. A one rupee note
22. A one eyed man
23. A uniform
24. A useful book
25. A useful feature
26. A unique decision
27. A united front
28. A unified plan
29. A year
30. A USA ally
31. An FO
32. A forest officer
33. An MP/ MLC
34. A member of society
35. An IAS/ IPS/ ILO
36. An SP/ SDO
37. An M.A./M.Sc
38. An RTS/ RTC
39. An RC worker
40. A UK ship/ European

‘The’- Definite Article

The definite Article ‘The’ is used in following cases

1. While speaking of a particular person or thing or one already referred to.

Example She found a purse. The purse contained a golden chain. The golden chain is very precious.

2. When a singular noun is meant to represent a whole category/ class :

Example The dog is a faithful animal.

3. ‘The’ is used before superlatives.

Example She is the most beautiful girl in our college.

4. ‘The’ is used with the names of renowned building , gulf, river, ocean, sea etc.

Example The TajMahal, The Persian Gulf, The Char Minar, The Pacific, The Ganges, The Red Sea, The Yamuna, The Thames.

5. ‘The’ is placed only before the plural names of islands and the mountain ranges, chains of mountains, plural names of countries.

Example The Netherlands, The Philippianes, The Bahamas, The Laccadive islands, The Himalayas, The Alps etc.

‘The’ is not used before the names of countries but if the name of the country contains words like; States, Kingdoms, Republic, we use ‘the’ before them. e.g. The USA, The USSR, The Republic of Ireland, The Dominican Republic.’

6. ‘The’ is used before names consisting of adjective + noun (Provided the adjective is not east-west etc)

Example The Arabian Gulf, The New Forest, The High Street

7. ‘The’ is also used before names consisting of noun + of + noun.

Example The cape of Good Hope, The Boy of Biscay, The Gulf of Mexico

8. ‘The’ is used before the adjectives east/west etc. + noun in certain names.

Example The East/West End, The East/West Indies, The North/South Pole

9. ‘The’ is also used before the name of directions.

Example The East, The West, The North, The South

10. ‘The’ is used before then name of persons (Family) in plural.

Example The Raymonds, The Ambanis, The Birlas

11. Before the names of important and renowned books.

Examples
a) The Kuran b) The Ramayana c) The Mahabharata
But we say- Homer’s Iliad, Valmiki’s Ramayana, Jaidev’sGeetGovind.

12. Before such common nouns that are names of things unique of their kind.

Example The Sun, The Earth, The sky, The world, The sea, The environment

Examples
a) The sky is dark and the moon is shining.
b) The sea seems calm today.

i) In the following cases, we do not use ‘The’ before ‘Sea’
a) We go to sea as sailors.
b) He is at sea now-a-days. (on a voyage)
ii) We can use ‘the’ before ‘Space’ if it means place.

He tried to park his car there but the space was too small. But if it means area beyond the earth’s atmosphere, do not use ‘the’ before it.
Example There are lacs of stars in space.

13. Before terms referring Nationality or Community.

Example The Indian, The French, The American, The English

14. Before a proper noun, only when it is qualified by an adjective.

Example The great Caesar, The immortal Shakespeare, The brave Napolean.

15. With ordinals like.

Examples
a) He was the first man to stand up.
b) The sixth chapter of this book is very interesting.
First, second, third …….are called ordinals.
One, Two, Three ……..are called cardinals.

16. Before Musical instruments and name of Inventions.

Examples
a) He can play the flute/ the table/ the harmonium well.
b) Who invented the telephone?

17. Before an adjective, when the noun represents a class of persons.

Examples
a) The young will support the motion.
b) The poor can be trusted.

18. Before a common noun to give it the meaning of an abstract noun.

Examples
a) The moralist in Gandhi, revolted against the injustice.
b) The judge in her prevailed upon the wife and she sentenced her husband to prison.

19. ‘The’ is used before name of Newspaper, Community, Political Party, Historical event, Train, Ship, Aeroplane etc.

20. When two or more nouns refer to one person, put ‘the’ before the first noun only. If both the nouns refer two different persons or thing, ‘the’ is used before both of them.

Example
a) The producer and financier was present there.
(Producer and financier is one person)
b) The producer and the financier were present there.
(Producer and financier are two different persons)

21. ‘The’ is used as an adverb with a comparative.

Examples
a) The more she gets the more she demands.
b) The sooner you complete the better it is.

22. ‘The’ is used before comparative degree being used for selection or comparison.

Examples
a) He is the stronger of the two.
b) This is the better of the two novels.

23. When a person being referred by his designation, ‘the’ is used. The Chairman, The Director, The President, The Chancellor.

Example All financial decisions will be taken by the chairman.

24. When the thing referred is understood.

Examples
a) Kindly return the book. (That I gave you)
b) Can you turn off the light? (The light in the room.)

25. ‘The’ is used in some phrases also.

Examples
a) What is the matter?
b) Come to the point.
c) She came to the rescue.
d) Keep to the left.
e) The market is hot with the rumour.
f) He is in the wrong.

26. In phrases; Go to the cinema, Go to the theatre ‘the’ is used.

Examples
a) He went to the cinema yesterday.
b) She is going to the theatre.

27. Before the names of Committee, Club, Foundation and Trust.

Examples The Lions Club, The Rotary Club, The United Nation, The WHO, The Ford Foundation, The Rajiv Gandhi Trust etc.

28. Letters written to two or more unmarried sisters jointly may be addressed:

The Misses + Surname
The Misses Smith.

Zero Article Situation

Students should learn the following points carefully to avoid the wrong use of articles.
Articles the wrong use of articles.
Article is omitted in following cases

1. before a proper noun

Example Akbar was a great king.

When ‘Article’ is used before a proper noun, it becomes a common noun.
Examples
a) Mumbai is the Manchester Of India.
b) This man is a Second Sachin.

2. before a Common Noun, used in its widest sense.

Examples
a) Man is mortal.
b) What kind of bird it is?

3. before Plural Nouns referring a class in a general sense.

Examples
a) Bankers are generally honest.
b) Lawyers are generally intelligent.

4. before Abstract Nouns that express qualities, state, feeling, actions.

Examples
a) Honesty is the best policy.
b) Virtue is its own reward.

When abstract nouns, instead of referring qualities, express person or things possessing such qualities or express of definite objects. They are preceded by Article.

Examples
a) She possesses the cunningness of a fox. (Here cunningness refers the quality of a definite object that is ‘for’)
b) He is a justice of peace. (‘Justice’ stands for judge)

5. before Material Nouns

Examples
a) Iron is a hard metal.
b) Silver is a semi-precious metal.

When material noun expresses things instead of the matter of which they are made they are representing ‘common noun’, so they can be preceded by the Article.
Examples
a) He threw a stone on the cow.
b) She threw a stick at the pig.

6. before names of diseases like Fever, Cholera, Consumption etc.

(But if the names of diseases are plural in their form, the article is generally used as : the measles, the mumps.)

7. before name of regular meals.

Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner
Example He was invited to dinner.
(But if the meal becomes particular article is used)
Example The dinner hosted by the queen was superb.

8. before name of things single in kind; Hell, Heaven, God, Parliament, Paradise (But ‘The Pope’, ‘The Devil’ are exceptions)

Examples
a) He was condemned to hell.
b) The Pope delivered a religious speech.

9. before names of ‘Languages’ or ‘colors’

Examples
a) I do not know ‘Hindi’ but know ‘English’.
b) I like red and blue colours.

10. before certain titles and names indicating the relationship.

Emperor Ashoka, President Bush, DewanBahadur.
Examples
a) Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth’s son.
b) President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.
c) Dr. Watson was ‘Sherlock Holmes’ friend.
d) He is Duke of York.
(But : the queen of England, the pope are exceptions)

11. before a noun following the expressions ‘kind of’

Examples
a) What kind of girl is she?
b) What kind of boy is he?

12. In certain phrases.

To take breath, to set sail, to leave school, to lay siege, to catch fire, at home, in hand, at school, by water, at sunset, on earth, by land, by train, by car, on demand, in debt, in jest etc.

13. before nouns, which are plural in their meanings, though singular in form.

Cattle, gentry, furniture, scenery, advice, information.

14. before names of public institutions (Church, School, University, Prison, Hospital, Court etc.) if they are used, for the purpose they exist rather than actual building.

Example He went to church. (It means he went to church for saying his prayer)

He went to church and from there he took a bus. [Means that he went to the place where building of the church is situated]

15. When two or more descriptive adjectives qualify the same. noun and adjectives are connected by ‘and’ the Article is used before the first adjectives only.

Example This is a Hindi and English Dictionary.
(Here dictionary is one)

16. If two nouns refer to the same person or thing, the article is used before the first noun only, but if they refer to different persons or things, the article must be used with each noun.

Examples
a) He is a better soldier than statesman.
b) He was a greater soldier than a stateman.

17. Article is omitted after the possessive case.

Example His brother’s car, Peter’s house.

18. Article is omitted with professions.

Examples
a) Engineering is a useful career
b) He’ll probably go into medicine.

19. Article is omitted with years.

Examples
a) 1947 was a wonderful year.
b) Do you remember 2000.

20. No article is used before names of games, sports.

Examples
a) I am playing cricket.
b) He is fond of playing tennis.

21. No article is used before a noun when it is modified by either possessive adjective or a demonstrative adjective.

Examples
a) Do you like my shirt? (Possessive adjective ‘my’)
b) I like this pen. (Demonstrative adjective ‘this’)

22. No article is used before a noun when it is preceded by a distributive adjective.

Examples
a) Every student got prize. (Distributive adjective ‘every’)
b) Each student was present in the hall. (Distributive adjective ‘each’)

23. No article is used before number + noun.

Examples
a) The train arrives at platform 7.
b) I want shoes in size 10.

24. Work (=place of work) is used without definite article ‘the’.

Examples
a) He is on his way to work.
b) She is at work.
c) They haven’t back from work yet.

25. Office (=place of work) needs ‘the’: He is at/ in the office. To be in office (without the) means to hold an official (usually political) position.

To be out of office= to be no longer in power.

26. Definite article ‘the’ is omitted when speaking of the subject’s or speaker’s own town.

Examples
a) We go to town sometimes to meet our mother.
b) We went to town last year and remained there for a week.

27. ‘Nature’ when means environment, do not use article before it.

Example If you interfere with nature you will suffer for it.

28. No article is used before names of ‘season’.

Examples
a) In Spring we like to clean the house.
b) She is planning to visit her parents in winter.

29. Definite article ‘the’ is not used before ‘Times of day’.

Examples
a) We travelled mostly by night.
b) We’ll be there around midnight.

30. Names without ‘the’

Names of many places especially names of important buildings and institutions consist of two words. First word is usually the name of a person or a palace, we do not use ‘the’ before such names usually.

Example Delhi Airport, Victoria Station, London Zoo, Jaisingh Palace, Indira Gandhi Airport, Edinburgh Castle, Jaipur Palace etc.
vidyasagarbanking.blogspot.com

31. Usually no article is used with the name of Airlines, Companies.

British Airways, Sony, IBM, KODAK, Indian Airlines etc.

GK Question asked SSC CHSL 2016 (Tier I) - 10 January 2017

Banking & Ssc

GK Question asked SSC CHSL 2016 (Tier I) - 10 January 2017

Published on Wednesday, January 11, 2017

1st Indian woman awarded an Olympic medal – Karnam Malleswari
What is the velocity of object at maximum height - zero
The Number of official languages in India. – 22
What is the Location of Chandragiri fort? Chandragiri, Andhra Pradesh
Who was the father of Prithviraj Chauhan – Someshwar Chauhan
Turquoise is a mineral of hydrated phosphate of – copper and aluminium
Which planet is also known as red planet – Mars
Oncogene leads to – Cancer
Full form of PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride
Eldest Pandava Brother – Yudhishthira
Which fundamental right cannot be suspended – Right to Life and Personal Liberty
If same force is applied on two different bodies whose mass is different, what will be same - Acceleration, Velocity, Kinetic Energy, Momentum
Chromite is the ore for metal – Chromium
Who discovered bacteria – Van Leeuwenhoek
"Hind Swaraj" is a book written by – Mohandas K. Gandhi
Who played role of Gandhi in Oscar-winning movie "Gandhi" – Ben Kingsley
Ranthambor fort is situated at situated – Rajasthan
Scientific name for Neem is – Azadirachta indica
Oscar Award winner for Best actress 2016 – Brie Larson
Mohiniyattam dance belongs to which state – Kerala
Which actor has won Oscar for supporting actor in 2016 – Mark Rylance
_______is the continuation of the spinal cord within the skull - Medulla oblongata
Who is the author of Ignited Minds – A P J Abdul Kalam
How many members can be appointed by President in Rajya Sabha? 12
Dogri is spoken in which state? Jammu (J&K) and Himachal Pradesh
Fundamental duties in Indian Constitution have been borrowed from - USSR
Who is the Son of Babur – Humayun, Kamran Mirza and Hindal Mirza

Banking & Ssc

Reasoning Inequality Trick - Solve any Question within 10 seconds

Today I am going to share King Soldiers and Public technique to solve Inequalities. By using this technique, you can solve any question from Inequalities within 10 seconds. In every exam, at least 5 questions are asked from this topic.

Points to remember

King is more powerful than Soldiers
Soldiers are more powerful than Public
Whenever there is a conflict between two Kings, then there will be no conclusion
When there is a conflict between two soldiers, then there will be no conclusion

Let King means < or >

Soldier means ≥ or ≤

Public means =

Case 1. 'King vs King'

Suppose there is a war going on between two kings.Whenever the two kings faces each other means war. In other words conclusion will be wrong.
Note: Two signs opposite to each other will make the conclusion wrong But again if the signs are in same manner that will not make it wrong.
like this
If A > B < C > D then A < C = False , C > A = False .
But
If E > F > G > H then E > G = True , F > H = True , E > H = True.

Statement: A < D > C < E > B

Conclusions:

C > B → False
A < E → False
D > B → False

In simple way ,Whenever these two sign comes in opposite direction the answer will be false.

Case 2. ' Soldier vs Soldier'

Whenever the soldiers face each other means again war(same apply here). In other words conclusion will be wrong.

Note: Two signs opposite to each other will make the conclusion wrong But again if the signs are same then it will be true.
like this
If A ≥ B ≤C then A ≤ C = False , C ≥ A = False .
But
If A ≥ B ≥ C then A ≥ C = True , C ≤ A = True .

Example

Statement: B ≥ D ≤ A ≥ F ≤ C
Conclusions :
I. A ≥ C → False
II. B ≤ F → False
III. D ≥ C → False

Case 3. Sets Priority:

If they all are comes in order then kings’ priority will be first ,soldier's second and public at last.

Statement: P ≥ R > Q = T ≥ S
Conclusions :
I. P ≥ Q → False
II. P > Q → True
III. Q ≥ S → True

Case 4.

When it occurs to you that the statement of order is opposite just change the sign into similar opposite direction

Change the sign into similar opposite /corresponding / alternative direction .

If A > B > F > C < D < E
than F < A → True [ ∵ A > B > F = F < B < A ]

Example:

Statements : A>B>F>C; D>E>C

Conclusions:
I. C < A → True
II. C > A → False

Statements : R ≥ S ≥ T > U > X ; T < V <W
Conclusions:
I. R > X → True [Note: Apply Case 3 here ]
II. X < R → True [Note: Apply Case 3 & 4 here ]

Statements : K ≤ L ≤ M = N ; P ≥ O ≥N
Conclusions:
K ≤ L ≤ M = N ≤ O ≤ P

III. K ≤ M → True
IV K < P → False
V K = P → False
Statement IV & V Apply Either Or

Case 5. Protocols

There are some rules in battle field which is that king only fights with king and soldier only fights with soldier.

So Whenever you find two conclusions which are false Just check for these two symbols.In Most of case where two conclusions are false and these two similar signs are not there respectively then that statement you can call it as Either Or but should check there variable it should same.

#Case Either Or :

Note : First thing you need to check whether in your conclusion any 2 or more conclusions are wrong

then if it is there then check whether the two variables are same If It happens then write it as 'Either or' but after checking their symbols.

Rules:

1. Both conclusion should False

2. Should have Same Predicate or Variable

3. Check the symbols

If 3 Condition is satisfied then write it as " Either Or' Other wise leave it.

Solved Questions :

#Case Neither Nor :

There are some rules in battle field which is that king only fights with king and soldier only fights with soldier.

So Whenever you find two conclusions which are false Just check for these two symbols.In Most of case where two conclusions are false and these two signs are not there respectively then that statement you can call it as Neither Nor.

Note : First thing you need to check whether in your conclusion any 2 or more conclusions are wrong

then write it as 'Neither Nor' but before checking their symbols.

Rules:

1. Both conclusion should False

2. Check the symbols

If Both Conditions are satisfied then write it as " Neither Nor' Other wise leave it.

How to solve 'Either Or' & 'Neither Nor' Question